Desert Storks

DENTAL CARE IN PREGNANCY

Pregnancy is a time of great change in the body, including the mouth. Shifting hormones and increased plaque production can lead to inflammation, bleeding and periodontal disease, particularly if oral health is poor. Harmful bacteria from oral infection can then affect the health of the growing baby and cause premature labour, low birth weight or other maternal problems.
Pregnant women should see their dentist as soon as pregnancy is confirmed and then regularly throughout pregnancy, or as recommended. Women trying to conceive should also consult a dentist for a check-up.
Studies have revealed links between poor dental health during pregnancy and poor pregnancy outcomes.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology found a link between poor dental health and gestational diabetes. Researchers from Tullane University suggested that better oral hygiene should be advised to pregnant women as a way of helping prevent diabetes during pregnancy.
Another study found that women with periodontal disease in the second trimester were up to seven times more likely to deliver prematurely.
In 2005, research published in the Journal of Periodontology found that pregnant women with high levels of oral bacteria from tooth decay and cavities were at risk of delivering premature low birth weight babies. It is well established that prematurity can lead to a range of neonatal health problems.
Poor dental health has also been linked to heart and lung disease, stroke, osteoporosis and even obesity, all of which could adversely affect both maternal and neonatal health.
The following conditions may present during pregnancy:
• gingivitis (inflammation and bleeding of gums)
• periodontitis (infection of gums and supporting structures)
• pregnancy tumours (gum overgrowth/swellings)
• tooth decay and cavities (caries)
• tooth loss.
Periodontal disease can be present in various forms including gum inflammation, infection of the surface tissues of the gums (gingivitis) or periodontitis characterised by severe infection and damage to supporting bones and ligaments.
Symptoms include
• pain
• inflammation and bleeding gums
• bad breath or bad taste in the mouth
• receding gums
• sensitive teeth or gums
• loose teeth.
Some women may also notice small growths or swellings on their gums. These are thought to be linked to increased plaque formation and can be surgically removed after delivery. See your dentist if these occur.
The Australian Dental Association recommends that pregnant women
• brush teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
• floss twice a day
• eat a healthy diet and avoid sugary foods
• visit dentist regularly.
It’s also important to avoid alcohol and smoking which can both lead to poor oral health and are linked to birth defects. One study conducted by oral biologists at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine found that drinking up to 10 drinks per week increased the risk of periodontal disease.